Study on Low-Carbon Technology Innovation Strategies through Government–University–Enterprise Cooperation under Carbon Trading Policy

This paper focuses on developing low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation in traditional enterprises under carbon trading policies. The Hamilton–Jacobi–Berman equation quantitatively investigates the coordination mechanism and optimal strategy of LCT systems conventional industries. A three-way dynamic differential game model is constructed to analyze three cases: Nash disequilibrium game; Stackelberg master–slave cooperative with effort universities, enterprises, local government, benefits parties, region, regional level. results are as follows: (1) by changing government subsidy factor, price, tax rate, universities can be significantly increased; (2) cost-sharing contracts do not change level manage environment, use agreements status action enterprises; (3) effort, benefit, total system benefit parties industry better than those non-cooperative case. combined achieves Pareto optimum system. study will contribute both sustainable business development environmental sustainability.